The production process of an NPK fertilizer production line

NPK fertilizer contains three core nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Its production requires a precise process to ensure balanced nutrients and consistent quality. Every step, from raw materials to finished product, integrates industrial technology with agricultural needs.

The first step in production is raw material pretreatment. Raw materials such as urea, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride are first crushed to 80-100 mesh in a crusher. They are then screened through a vibrating screen to remove impurities and ensure raw material purity, which is essential for subsequent fertilizer dissolution and absorption.

Next comes batching and mixing. The production line relies on an automated control system to precisely weigh the raw materials according to preset formulas such as 15-15-15 and 20-10-10. The raw materials are then fed into a twin-shaft mixer, where they are stirred at high speed for 3-5 minutes to create a uniform mixture, preventing imbalanced crop growth due to uneven nutrient distribution.

Then, the granulation process begins. The mixed material is conveyed to a rotary drum granulator, where centrifugal force and friction aggregate the material into 2-4 mm granules as the drum rotates. Some production lines spray a binder to enhance hardness and prevent breakage. The granules are initially screened at the exit, and unqualified fines are returned to the mixing stage for recycling.

After granulation, they are dried and cooled. First, they enter a drum fertilizer dryer, where hot air at 120-150°C reduces the moisture content to below 10%. They then enter a cooler, where countercurrent heat exchange with cold air cools them to room temperature, preventing clumping, extending shelf life, and improving granule stability.

Finally, they undergo screening and packaging. The cooled granules pass through a vibrating screen to separate the coarse particles (returned to the crusher) from the fines (returned to the granulator). Qualified granules are then bagged by an automatic packaging machine in sizes ranging from 25 kg to 50 kg. Labels are then applied with the formula and production date, and the bags are then stored for shipment, providing nutrition for crops.

The NPK fertilizer production line uses an automated and precise process to convert chemical raw materials into agricultural "nutrients", ensuring quality while supporting the efficient development of modern agriculture.

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