Working Principle and Process of a Trough-Type Compost Turner

The trough-type compost turner is a core piece of equipment in organic fertilizer production and livestock manure treatment. Its core function is to create a suitable environment for aerobic fermentation of organic materials through mechanical turning, achieving the harmless and resource-based utilization of waste. Its working process revolves around four core elements: oxygen supply, crushing, temperature control, and propulsion, all completed collaboratively by three systems, resulting in efficient operation and a standardized process.

Before operation, preliminary preparations are necessary. Livestock manure, straw, and other raw materials are mixed evenly at a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 25:1-30:1 and a moisture content of 55%-65%. These are then conveyed into a fixed fermentation tank by a conveyor belt, with the pile height controlled at 1.0-1.2 meters to lay the foundation for subsequent turning operations. After the equipment starts, the walking system propels the entire machine to move at a uniform speed along the fermentation tank track. The turning system and control system work together to initiate the core operation.

The turning system is the core of the equipment, consisting of a cutter shaft, spirally arranged alloy turning teeth, and a hydraulic lifting device. As the cutter shaft rotates at high speed, the turning teeth penetrate deep into the material layer, bringing the anaerobic material from the bottom to the surface. Simultaneously, large pieces of material are broken down to below 5 cm, allowing for ample oxygen penetration and increasing the oxygen content of the pile to 10%-15%, meeting the metabolic needs of aerobic microorganisms. A hydraulic lifting device allows for flexible adjustment of the turning depth to accommodate different pile heights.

During the turning process, heat balance is simultaneously achieved. The high-temperature material (60-65℃) inside the pile mixes thoroughly with the lower-temperature material on the surface, stabilizing at a suitable fermentation temperature of 55-60℃. This kills over 99% of pathogens while preventing the high temperatures from killing beneficial bacteria. At the same time, the spiral angle of the turning teeth gradually propels the material towards the end of the trough, advancing it 50-100 cm each time.

The entire process of the trough-type compost turning machine is cyclical. After 7-10 turning cycles (approximately 15-20 days), the material gradually matures from the front to the back of the trough, ready for subsequent deep processing. Its automated control design reduces human intervention, improves fermentation efficiency, and reduces dust and odor diffusion, taking into account both environmental protection and practicality, making it a key piece of equipment for modern organic waste treatment.

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